基于劳动力市场供需视角的大学生就业问题探析

"供需见面、双向选择"的就业模式是高等教育进入大众化阶段的必然选择。但在实际工作中,因受经济产业结构调整、劳动力市场供需变化等诸多因素影响,大学生就业结构性矛盾依然突出。大学生就业问题以岗位性质差异、地域流向偏好、学历层次高低、人职匹配不足等多维度呈现。做好大学生就业工作需要多方协同联动,政府要加强宏观调控和政策支持,积极构建推进大学生就业的协商协调和服务保障机制;高校要致力于提高人才培养质量,深入开展教育教学改革;企业需要完善选人用人机制,并加强企校合作,探索订单培养路径;大学生应科学规划职业生涯,主动参加课堂内外实训实践活动,不断提高适应社会发展所需的素质能力。

The employment mode of ＂supply and demand meet and two-way choice＂ is an inevitable choice for higher education to enter the stage of popularization. However, due to many factors, such as the adjustment of economic and industrial structure and changes in labor market supply and demand, structural contradictions in employment of college graduates are still outstanding. The employment problems of college students has been being presented in different dimensions, such as the differences of positions, the preferences of geographical flow, the different levels of educational background and the lack of matching of people and work. In order fulfil the responsibilities of college graduates＂ employment, we need to coordinate the different functional departments, the government should strengthen its macro-control and policy support and actively establish consultation and coordination and service guarantee mechanisms to promote the employment of college graduates. Colleges and universities should commit themselves to improve the quality of personnel training and deepen the reformation in both of education and teaching systems. Meanwhile, the mechanism of choosing employees, strengthening the cooperations between enterprises and universities as well as exploring the new cultivation method of order-based also need to be paid more attention. Finally, college students should properly plan their future careers and take initiative to participate in practical training activities both inside and outside the classroom. And of course, they also need to improve their abilities which is necessary for them to adapt to future social development continuously.