松香基可分解型表面活性剂的合成及性能

Synthesis and Properties of Rosin-based Decomposable Surfactants

以歧化松香为原料,经酰氯化、酯化、磷酸化、成盐等反应,合成4种可分解型松香基表面活性剂（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、SAA-Ⅲ、SAA-Ⅳ）。利用FTIR和NMR对其进行了结构表征,并考察了其表面和分解性能。结果表明,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、SAA-Ⅲ、SAA-Ⅳ的临界胶束浓度（CMC）分别为4.69×10–3、5.15×10–3、2.65×10–3和1.71×10–3 mol/L,对应的表面张力（γCMC）分别为48.2、41.4、34.6和33.2 m N/m。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、SAA-Ⅲ、SAA-Ⅳ在乳化体系（石蜡/水）中分出10 m L水的时间分别为11、128、90和98 s,初始起泡高度分别为16.0、18.5、18.0和23.0 mm,5 min后泡沫高度变化依次为6.0、4.0、4.0和11.5 mm;松香酯表面活性剂Ⅱ具有优异的乳化性能,而松香磷酯表面活性剂SAA-Ⅳ具有优异的起泡性能。松香基酯表面活性剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ的浊点分别约为90和80℃,松香磷酯表面活性剂SAA-Ⅲ和SAA-Ⅳ的Krafft点分别在30-40℃和50-60℃,且浊点和Krafft点均随分子链的增长而增大。室温强酸条件下的酸水解实验表明,4种表面活性剂均具有可分解性。

Four rosin-based ester surfactants（Ⅰ,Ⅱ,SAA-Ⅲ and SAA-Ⅳ） were obtained via acylating chlorination,esterification,phosphorylation,and then salt formation by using disproportionated rosin as raw material. The surfactants were identified by FTIR and NMR and their properties were investigated. The results showed that surfactants Ⅰ,Ⅱ,SAA-Ⅲ and SAA-Ⅳ had good surface activities,their corresponding critical micelle concentration（CMC） values were 4.69×10–3,5.15×10–3,2.65×10–3 and 1.71×10–3 mol/L,and their corresponding surface tension（γCMC） values were 48.2,41.4,34.6 and 33.2 m N/m,respectively. For surfactants Ⅰ,Ⅱ,SAA-Ⅲ and SAA-Ⅳ,the times for 10 m L water out from paraffin/water emulsion system were 11,128,90 and 98 s,the initial foam heights were 16.0,18.5,18.0 and 23.0 mm. The foam heights were 6.0,4.0,4.0 and 11.5 mm after 5 minutes. Rosin phosphate ester surfactant（Ⅱ） showed an excellent emulsifying property,while phosphate ester rosin surfactant（SAA-Ⅳ） displayed a distinguished foaming performance. The cloud point（CP） temperatures of rosin-based esters I and Ⅱwere both about 90 ℃ and 80 ℃,respectively. The Kraff temperatures of rosin-based phosphate esters SAA-Ⅲ and SAA-Ⅳ were about 30-40 ℃ and 50-60 ℃ respectively. Both cloud point and krafft point increased with increasing carbon chain. The acid hydrolysis of surfactants experiments at room temperature indicated that the four surfactants were biodegradable.