水肥耦合对双季杂交晚稻丰源优227物质生产的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Plant Production of Double-cropping Late Hybrid Rice Fengyuanyou 227

采取2种灌溉方式(长期淹灌和节水灌溉)和4种施氮水平(纯氮0、135、180和225 kg/hm^2),研究了不同水肥耦合处理对双季杂交晚稻丰源优227物质生产的影响。结果表明,氮素能促进水稻生物量的增加,节水灌溉方式有利于生物量的积累,以节水灌溉下中氮处理(施氮量180 kg/hm^2)的生物量最高。叶面积指数对水稻产量的形成有极显著促进作用;叶面积指数随着施氮量增加呈先升后降的趋势,且节水灌溉处理有利于叶面积指数的提高。水稻产量与水稻的净同化率无明显相关性,与光合势呈极显著正相关,而光合势随施氮量的增加呈上升趋势。物质转运受施氮量影响,茎叶表观输出量、茎叶表观输出率、茎鞘物质转化率、茎鞘物质输出率、穗后干物质积累量均以中氮处理最大,过高和过低施氮量均不利于物质转运及产量的形成。施氮量为180 kg/hm^2配合节水灌溉方式能使杂交晚稻丰源优227可获得最高的生物量和产量。

The effects of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on the plant production of Fengyuanyou 227, a double-cropping hybrid rice variety, were analyzed by using two irrigation methods（whole-course flood irrigation and water-saving irrigation） and four nitrogen application rates（pure nitrogen at 0, 135, 180 and 225 kg/hm-2）. The results showed that the application of nitrogen increased the biomass of rice. The water-saving irrigation was beneficial to the increase of biomass and the biomass was highest under the treatment with the water-saving irrigation and middle-level nitrogen application（180 kg/hm-2）. Leaf area index（LAI） showed a significant positive effect on the yield of rice. The LAI increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the water-saving irrigation treatment was beneficial to the increase of LAI. There was no significant correlation between the yield of rice and the net assimilation rate of rice, but there existed a very significant positive correlation between the yield of rice and the photosynthetic potential, which increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The transportation characteristics of dry matter were affected by the nitrogen application rate. The apparent export amount of stem and leaf（AEASL）, apparent export percentage of stem and leaf（AEPSS）, translocation percentage of stem and sheath（TPSS）, export percentage of stem and sheath（EPSS） and dry matter accumulation after heading（DMAH） all had the highest value at the treatment with middle-level nitrogen application, indicating that too high or too low a rate of nitrogen fertilizer application is not conducive to the translocation of dry matter and formation of grain yield. For the double-cropping late hybrid rice Fengyuanyou 227, the nitrogen application rate at 180 kg/hm-2 coupled with water-saving irrigation may achieve the highest biomass and grain yield.