宪法基本权利和民事权利的连接与互动——以人格权为例

The Connection and Interaction of Fundamental Rights in Constitution and Civil Rights in Civil Code——Taking Personality Right for Example

宪法基本权利是构建民事权利体系的依据与基础,应根据宪法制定民法典。尊重和保障公民权利是宪法基本权利和民事权利共同的价值,连接宪法人格权与民法人格权共同的价值基础是人格尊严。人格权既是宪法权利,用以防范来自国家的侵犯,又是私法领域的民事权利,用以抵御来自私主体的妨害。建议民法典制定中人格权独立成编,将人格尊严置于高于一般人格权和具体人格权的地位。民法典人格权法应引入新兴人格权,如自己决定权、性自主权、性别权等,丰富宪法人身权利的内涵。

The fundamental rights in Constitution is the basis and foundation of construction of civil rights sys- tem in civil code. Formulating Civil Code should base on the Constitution. Respecting and safeguarding the rights of citizens is the common value of the fundamental rights in Constitution and the civil rights in Civil Codes. The common value basis which connecting the personality right in Constitution and in civil law is human dignity. China＇ s Civil Code , which is being developed, should take the personality right law as a separate part, put personal dignity in higher position than the general personality right and the specific personality right. The emerging personality right, such as the right of self-determination, right of sexual autonomy and gender right and so on, should be regulated in Civil Code to enrich the connotation of the personal rights in Constitution. Social rights in Constitution make the country perform the payment obligation actively, provide institutional guarantee for fundamental rights, safeguard the public interest through public welfare civil litigation, the civil code should be increased through the punitive damages responsibility. Social rights in Civil Code can play constitutional function through punitive compensation, adding the responsibility to repair environment and restore ecology.