三维生物打印在皮肤组织工程中的应用研究进展

Advances in the research of application of three-dimensional bioprinting in skin tissue engineering

由于烧创伤和手术等各种原因造成的皮肤深度创面十分常见，尤其是大面积深度烧伤患者，在早期清创后需要快速闭合创面以降低感染风险。目前，大面积深度烧伤创面的首选治疗方式是自体皮肤移植。然而，自体皮肤缺乏是治疗这类患者时面临的主要难题。组织工程皮肤（TES）或皮肤替代物在一定程度上可以解决这一问题。传统的TES制备方法包括冷冻干燥、静电纺丝、人工沉积等等；但因其涉及保存、运输及其他多方面技术问题，目前尚无法完全满足临床应用需求。

Deep skin wounds require skin grafts for coverage. Current treatments such as tissue engineered skin or skin substitutes can not meet the needs of clinical application due to the technical problems involving preservation, transportation, and a lengthy preparation process. In comparison with traditional methods such as freeze-drying, three-dimensional bioprinting can precisely dispense living cells, nucleic acid, growth factor, and phase-changing hydrogels according to the wound form, while maintaining high cell viability. Besides, it has excellent performance in high resolution, flexibility, reproducibility, and high throughput, showing great potential in the fabrication of tissue engineered skin. This review mainly introduces the common techniques of three-dimensional bioprinting, and their application in skin tissue engineering, focusing on the latest research progress, and summarizes the current challenges and future development of three-dimensional skin printing.