琉球官话课本的“把”字句和“将”字句

Sentences with “Bǎ(把)”and Sentences with “Jiānɡ(将)” in Ryukyu Mandarin Textbooks

对18世纪中期琉球官话课本的"把"字句和"将"字句进行全面考察,发现:(1)琉球官话课本中处置式的使用频率整体上高于同时代的北京官话语料《红楼梦》,这与福州方言的特点不相吻合,证明琉球官话不是"福州官话";(2)在处置式的使用类型上呈现出与北方官话相对立的现象,这种对立应该是由它们分别属于南北官话的性质决定的;(3)琉球官话课本中的"把"是主要的处置介词和工具介词,我们认为这一用法是当时吴、粤、闽、客等典型的南方方言持拿义动词用法在官话层面的投射,进一步证明了琉球官话的南方官话性质。

This article studies the sentences with "bǎ(把)"and sentences with "jiānɡ(将)"in Ryukyu Mandarin textbooks of mid-18 th century.The study found:(1)the frequency of disposal construction suggests that Ryukyu Mandarin is not Fuzhou Mandarin;(2)the types of disposal construction in the Ryukyu Mandarin textbooks are opposite with those in Northern Mandarin;(3)"bǎ(把)"is the primary disposal preposition and instrumental preposition in the Ryukyu Mandarin textbooks,which is the projection of the usages of verbs denoting takingtypically found in Southern dialects of that period and proves that Ryukyu Mandarin is Southern Mandarin.