水体中典型重金属和全氟化合物对水生生物的联合毒性

Review on Combined Toxicity of Typical Heavy Metals and Perfluorinated Compounds in Water Environment on Aquatic Organisms

水体作为环境污染因子的最终归宿,不仅容纳了越来越多的有毒物质,而且由于水体的立体性,水生生物极易受到多种因子的复合污染,易造成潜在的生态和健康风险。其中,重金属和持久性有机污染物因分布广、难降解且毒性效应复杂等特点,对水生生态易造成潜在危害而受到广泛的关注。环境污染往往是以混合物的形式联合存在,而联合毒性作用的相关研究较少。因此,本文围绕近年来典型重金属和全氟化合物的单一毒性,以及复合污染对水生动物的联合毒性作用进行了综述,现有的研究结果表明,复合污染对生物体存在联合毒性作用,可能表现为单一元素毒性作用、协同作用或拮抗作用,并对存在的问题和今后的关注重点进行了探讨,以便为未来的研究提供借鉴。

Water,as the final destination of the environmental pollution factor,not only gradually accommodates more and more toxic substances,but also its three-dimensional proterty shall result in that aquatic organisms are susceptible to be multiply polluted due to variety of factors,as well as the risk on whole ecology and health. In recent years,the pollution of heavy metals and novel persistent organic pollutants—perfluorinated compounds（ PFCs） in water environment become more and more serious and is widely concerned for its recalcitrance and biotoxicity. Moreover,pollutions in environment usually commonly exist in the form of mixtures,but relatively little researchhas been done about joint toxicity. For this purpose,we mainly review the toxic effects of combined pollutions on aquatic animals in recent years,which may be synergistic or antagonistic,and discuss the present problems and primary focus in order to provide reference for future research.