国际贸易和FDI的综合所得研究

Study on the Aggregate Gains from International Trade and FDI

文章旨在建立对国际贸易和FDI(外商直接投资)进行综合所得分析的一个理论框架,并以此推动贸易自由化和FDI自由化。首先,在界定了技术资本的基础上,建立了包含技术资本的国际贸易分工的李嘉图模型。模型显示,引入技术资本后,国际贸易自由化所得的增加不仅来自于国际贸易分工所引起的商品价格下降,也包括生产技术的重复使用所引起的单位商品技术资本成本的下降。其次,在生产技术不转移时,FDI自由化将不会发生。生产技术转移后所得将会增加,本国和外国所得最大化的政策都是FDI自由化。FDI自由化完全实现后两个国家的福利水平的差异来自于各自所获得的技术资本投资报酬的不同。而且,必须遵循先推进贸易自由化后推进FDI自由化的顺序。最后,提出在推进贸易自由化的基础上推进FDI自由化的政策建议。

The paper aims to establish a theoretical framework to analyze aggregate gains from international trade and FDI, so as to promote trade liberalization and FDI liberalization. First of all, based on the definition of technology capital, a Ricardo model of international trade division of labor containing technology capital is established. The model shows that with the introduction of technology capital, gains from trade liberalization come not only from the decline of goods prices caused by the division of labor in international trade, but also from the decline in the unit costs of technology capital caused by the repeated use of the production technology. Secondly, FDI liberal- ization will not occur without the transfer of production technology. With the transfer of production technology, FDI will increase the gains, and both domestic and foreign policies for maximum gains are FDI liberalization. When FDI liberalization is fully realized, the difference of the welfare level between two countries comes from their different rewards of investment on technology capital. Besides, trade liberalization must go ahead of FDI liberalization. Finally, it puts forward policy suggestions that FDI liberalization should be based on trade liberalization.