从“讲哲学”看中国哲学——冯友兰的思想遗产

Viewing Chinese Philosophy from “Talking Philosophy”:Feng Youlan's Ideological Heritage

"讲哲学"是冯友兰建构新理学系统时言说一切哲学问题的基本思路,包括"就哲学说"和"就哲学之于人的影响说"两面。"就哲学说",又可分为"在哲学内讲哲学"和"在哲学外讲哲学",主要是谈哲学这门学问在学理上的独立性与存在上的合理性;至于"就哲学之于人的影响说",则主要是"就民族说",指哲学对"民族精神"的"影响"。这个层面的"讲哲学",又是有"见"于"义理"的人(哲学家)能"接着讲"本民族尚未说清的"义理";"自己无见"的人(注释家)则并非"接着讲",而是对古人讲"义理"的语言进行"翻译"(如多数经注),也就是"照着讲"。从"讲哲学"的观点看,冯友兰眼中的中国哲学是一门"就民族说"而非"就哲学说",是"接着讲"而非"照着讲"的学问。充分理解这一点,将使我们避免许多无谓的争议,并能对中国哲学的未来有更清晰的把握。

In constructing new Neo-Confucianism system, ＂talking philosophy＂ is Feng Youlan＇ s basic thought to explain all philosophical concepts. It includes ＂talking philosophy＂ and ＂talking the impact of philosophy on man＂. The former can be further divided into ＂talking philosophy within philosophy＂ and ＂talking philosophy outside philosophy＂. Both are mainly about philosophy＇ s independence in theory and rationality of its existence. The latter is mainly ＂talking nationality＂, i.e., the ＂impact＂ of philosophy on ＂national spirit＂. This kind of ＂talking philosophy＂ means, on the one hand, insightful persons （philoso- phers） can ＂continue talking＂ the ＂philosophical connotations＂ that have not yet clarified in the nation; on the other, the person with no insights （annotators） ＂translate＂ the previous ＂philosophical connotations＂ （mostly annotations）. This is ＂following talking＂ instead of ＂continuing talking＂. From the perspective of ＂talking philosophy＂, the Chinese philosophy in Feng Youlan＇ s view is ＂talking nationality＂ rather than ＂talking philosophy＂, hence a discipline of ＂continuing talking＂ instead of ＂following talking＂. A full understanding of this will allow us to avoid many unnecessary disputes and to be certain about the future of Chinese philosophy.