“赵氏孤儿”的两个面相:“大复仇”与考古学

Two Faces of “the Orphan of Zhao Family”:“The Great Revenge” and Archaeology

赵氏孤儿的故事,在《史记·赵世家》与《左传》的记载中展示出两种不同面貌,前者为英雄神话,传递出"大复仇"的意义;后者则呈现为一场包含着通奸、诬告和利益的暗中转移的政治阴谋。在不以历史真相为诉求对象的意义上,通过对两种叙事中不同策略的分析,可以分辨出"专注于人物命运的叙事策略"和"专注于事件进程的叙事策略",而前者在历史上的传播远比后者成功。在对两种策略的比较中,我们可以看出其与权力运作机制之间的复杂关系,而只有将话语与实践相联系,才能从历史陈述中间获得有价值的历史知识。

The story of the orphan of Zhao Family have different versions in Records of the Grand History and Zuo Zhuan respectively. The former is a heroic myth conveying the meaning of ＂the great revenge＂, while the latter is a political conspiracy involving adultery, false accusation and illegitimate transfer of interests. Aiming not to seek the historical truth, this paper summarizes the different strategies of the two narratives. One is ＂a narrative strategy focusing on the character＇ s destiny＂, and the other, ＂the narrative strategy focusing on the process of the event＂. The former enjoys much more popularity in history. The paper concludes that the complicated relation between the two strategies and power operation mechanism can be seen from the comparison of the two strategies, and valuable historical knowledge can be obtained from historical statements only by combining discourse with practice.