清代康乾年间永定河治理理念与实施

The managing concept of the Yongding river during the reign of Kangxi and Qianlong emperors

康乾年间永定河历次大规模治理活动均有清晰的治理理念作为指导。康熙年间永定河治理一定程度上复制了黄河治理经验,讲求"筑堤束水,蓄清刷浑"。由于难以达到预期效果,乾隆初年出现了"不事堤防"的理念,并在金门闸附近开河放永定河入南下故道,造成了严重水灾。此后对"不事堤防"的理念进行了调整,建立了永定河下游闸坝、减河系统,既发挥了永定河堤防的作用,又充分利用了历史时期永定河故道,成为永定河治理中较为成熟的模式。永定河治理理念的变化不仅导致了河道治理措施的变化,同时对下游地理环境也产生了深刻影响。

During the reign of Kangxi and Qianlong in Qing,a large scale of control and treatment has been carried out over the Yongding river,just as over the Yellow river.In the early reign of Emperor Qianlong,rivers are not concerned.Whenever the Yongding river releases water,flooding is caused in the lower valley.Consequently,the managing concept comes into being of the Yongding river.