中美科技博物馆球幕影院比较分析研究

A Comparative Study of Dome Theaters in Science Museums between China and America

球幕影院具有震撼的视听效果,是一种综合性科普设施,已经成为我国科技博物馆主要的特效影院类型。本文首先梳理球幕影院的发展过程,指出在数字化的趋势下,影院兼具影片放映和天象表演的功能。随后对中美两国科技博物馆球幕影院建设和运营情况进行对比分析,发现我国球幕影院发展很快,甚至大型影院的数量已经和美国旗鼓相当,但是在观众量和人气上却远远不及。究其根本原因主要包括三个方面:影院功能定位、教育模式单一;影片开发不足,片租成本高;球幕系统制式不通用,影片资源交流困难,这些问题成为影响我国球幕影院发展的主要原因。因此,建议影院的管理者应充分认识影院的功能特点,从天文科普入手丰富影院的教育功能,提升影院的吸引力;重视现场类节目的开发和播出,缓解片源问题同时逐渐提升影片制作能力;出台行业标准和规范,方便影片交流共享。

Featured with immersive experience,Dome theater is a multi-purposefacility for science education and has been becoming the main type theaters in the science museums in China.Through summarizing the origin and development of the dome theater,it is obvious that digital dome theater embodies the dual function of films releasing and science education on astronomy.The data of dome theaters in science museums between China and the United States are comparatively studied in the paper,including quantities,sizes,shows,educational activities and amount of audiences.The findings in the research reveal that albeit the scale of big dome theaters in China is largely the same as that of the U.S.,the amount of audiences and popularity are less and lower.The main reasons contain three aspects.Firstly,the function and orientation of Chinese dome theater is oversimplified which results in lacking educational activities.Secondly,the production of films and shows is insufficient and the price of rent is high.Thirdly,the formats of dome system are not standardized which brings about the difficulty in film releasing on different dome theaters.In order to have the current situation changed,it calls for three aspects to be promoted accordingly.The advice to dome manager is that astronomy education and the real-time show is the key point for dome activity and film production.The suggestion to the related department is to formulate standardized guidance.