壳聚糖基超疏水超亲油海绵的制备及性能表征

The Preparation of Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Chitosan Sponge and Its Application for the Selective Removal of Oily Pollutants from Water

海上溢油事故的频发和工业含油废水的排放导致水体油类污染问题的日益突出,研制高效的吸油材料是解决油类污染的重要途径。本研究拟选用壳聚糖材料作为海绵基质,使用双亲性物质对其进行接枝,交联后制备获得超疏水超亲油海绵。结果表明,使用质量比为1︰1的壳聚糖与琥珀辛酯磺酸钠混合后加入环氧氯丙烷作为交联剂制备得到的海绵疏水亲油效果最佳,对三氯甲烷的吸附在1 s时达到吸附平衡,吸油量可达64.72 g/g。此外,本研究采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜成像对壳聚糖基超亲油超疏水海绵进行表征,以分析考察壳聚糖及海绵的结构以及吸油机理。此类海绵材料具有良好的水/油选择性吸附性能,也适用于水-油混合物的分离。

The frequent occurrence of oil spill accidents on the sea and the discharge of industrial oily wastcwater cause the problem of oil pollution in water bodies increasingly. The development of efficient oil absorption materials is an important way to solve oil pollution. In this study, cbitosan material was selected as the sponge matrix, and it was grafted with amphiphilic substances. After the cross-linking, superhydrophobic super-lipophilic sponges were prepared. The results showed that the hydrophobic and oteophilic effect of the sponge prepared by mixing chitosan with sodium amber octyl ester sulfonate and adding epichlorohydrin as the cross-linking agent with the mass ratio of 1 ：1 was the best. The adsorption of trichloromethane was reached balance at I s and oil uptake was 64.72 g/g. In addition, in this study, FTIRand SEM was used to characterize the ultra-hydrophobic sponges with chitosan-based superhydrophilicity. The structures of chitosans and sponges and the oil absorption mechanism were analyzed. Such sponge materials have good water/oil selective adsorption properties and are also suitable for the separation of water-oil mixtures.