社会影响评估:西方的研究与经验

A Review:Study of Social Impact Assessment in Western

20世纪60年代以来,最初作为环境影响评估内容之一的社会影响评估日益受到重视并逐渐成为独立的研究和实践议题。西方的研究与经验表明:社会影响评估关注社会发展中"应该重视何种影响、如何分析这些影响",旨在增加人们的社会福祉和减少不利的社会后果,是权力实现、明智决策、公民实施影响和社会可持续发展的一种重要工具,具有促进冲突解决、提升决策质量和保护公众权益的重要功能,有其独特的评估原则、准则、步骤和方法。面向社会影响评估理论与实践的未来发展,需要处理好技术与政治、数据与伦理、评估结果与决策运用之间的关系。

Since the 1960s, social impact assessment, which was originally one of the contents of environmental impact assessment, has been increasingly valued and gradually become an inde- pendent study and practice topic. Western academic study and practical experience show that social impact assessment focuses on ＂what impacts should be valued and how to analyze these im- pacts＂ in social development in order to increase the social welfare of humankind and reduce ad- verse social consequences. It is an important instrument of the realization of power, informed de- cision-making, citizen＇s influence and sustainable development of society. It plays an important role of promoting conflict resolution, improving the quality of decision-making and protecting people＇s interest. Social impact assessment has its special principles, guidelines, steps and meth- ods. The future development of social impact assessment theory and practice needs to deal with the relationship between technology and politics, data and ethics, assessment results and decision-making.