悬吊状态下航天应急故障操作绩效变化研究

An Experimental Study of the Influence of the Suspension for the Task Performance

研究悬吊对航天应急故障操作绩效的影响。27名训练成熟的志愿者参与了悬吊实验，分别在悬吊前后完成三个复杂度水平的6个应急故障操作单元，实验收集了操作过程中的操作时间、操作错误数和主观工作负荷评价，并进行数据处理和讨论分析。结果发现悬吊状态下，操作时间有显著的增加，操作错误数没有显著变化。通过对工作负荷量表的六个维度的分析，发现悬吊前后的业绩水平和受挫程度并未出现明显的差异，其他四个方面包括脑力需求、时间压力、体力需求和努力程度，悬吊后比悬吊前都有显著的增加。结论为悬吊对航天应急故障操作的操作时间和工作负荷有一定影响，对操作错误数无显著影响，因此悬吊用于航天员的模拟失重训练是有意义的。由于悬吊会影响操作时间，所以对时间敏感的情况下悬吊操作应该避免。

Objective This paper is aimed to examine the influence of suspension on performance of emergency response operations and discussed the possibility of the weightlessness simulation for astronaut training. Method Twenty-seven trained students participated in our suspension experiment. Each participant completed six emergency response operations of three complexity levels, both before and after suspension. Performance was measured by operation time, operation mistakes, and mental workload measured by NASA-TLX questionnaires. A pair- wised T test was conducted to determine the effects of suspension. Results Suspension has a significant impact on operation time, but not on operation mistakes. Specifically, there is a significant increase in operation time, but no changes for operation mistakes. In addition, the multi-dimensional test of mental workload by NASA-TLX shows significant differences in mental demand,temporal demand, physical demand and effort, but not in performance and frustration level between the two groups. Conclusion It is concluded that suspension has influence on operation time and mental workload in space, but no influence on accuracy of emergency response operations. Therefore, it can be applied to the astronauts - physical training, but may be unsuitable for intervention in astronauts＇ mental training. Because of the influence on operation time, suspension should be avoided in time sensitive situations.