垄断行业制度性指标的制定、失衡及调整——以明清时期云南黑井的盐课核定与缴纳为中心

Enactment,Imbalance,and Manipulation of Institutional Indices of Monopoly Industry-Exemplified by Salt Taxation Rate Examination and Payment in Heijing during MinQing Dynasty

文章以云南明清时期黑井的盐课核定与缴纳为中心,研究云南井盐生产的资源评估方法与国家盐课的核定,说明传统盐业的盐课核定是以灶户的产权为依据而确立的,认为当时的盐业资源不是一种完全绝对的官方垄断形式。论文阐述了盐课缴纳中的缺乏性（盐课拖欠）与过剩性（官盐滞销）两种制度性指标的失衡与私盐产生的关系,梳理了盐业垄断行业中制度性指标的制定、失衡与调整,提出有限竞争机制以及自由贸易的引入在盐业垄断中的积极作用,以冀对我国的垄断行业的治理具有一定的启示意义。

The central motivation of this article is to investigate the tax rate examination and payment of salt taxation in Yunnan traditional salt industry.Based on the motivation,the methodology of this article is to conduct a research on methods of appraisal on means of production of well salt and tax rate examination of national salt taxation.Researchers have unearthed evidences indicating that the tax rate in the traditional salt industry is determined by property of each domestic salt workshop.Therefore,the salt industry was not the form of bureaucratic absolute monopoly.This article also explains the defaulted salt taxation and overstocked official salt to exposit the imbalance of two institutional indices and relationship between illegal salt production.This article also collates the enactment,imbalance,and manipulation of institutional indices of monopoly industry and suggests the positive effect of restricted competition and free trade.This article may have enlightenment on management of monopolized industries in China.