摘要
明成祖永乐初年编纂的《永乐大典》是一部超大型的百科全书,计22877卷,目录60卷,分装成11095册。收录七八千种书籍,约四亿五千万字。关于《永乐大典》的编纂动机,学界颇有争议,有人主张朱棣编大书是为笼络人心,＂消弭不平之气＂以巩固政权;有人认为《永乐大典》是明初＂稽古右文＂的文化盛举。笔者提出第三说：《永乐大典》是朱棣刻意包装自己的形象工程。《永乐大典》所录书籍,不少后来失传,因此在清代掀起了一股从《永乐大典》辑录古籍的热潮,乾隆中后期尤然,所获甚丰,很多编入《四库全书》。由于腐败,晚清时《永乐大典》散失严重,以致如今仅存813卷。辑佚者代不乏人。而两百多年来辑得的语言文字学古籍仅四五种。进入21世纪,丁治民教授以十年之功从残存的《永乐大典》中辑得25种书,3263条,约30万字,于2015年出版了《〈永乐大典〉小学书辑佚与研究》,这是近年中国语言文字学和文献学的重大成果,应予褒扬。对有关《永乐大典》的辑佚问题,笔者＂学＂而且＂思＂,亦提出一些浅见以就正于大方之家。
Yongle Encyclopedia,completed in Ming Emperor Yongle’s early years,was a super large encyclopedia,with 22877 volume,directory 60 volumes,packed into 11095 books.Yongle Encyclopedia contains more than 7000 books,about four hundred and fifty million words.On the motivation of Yongle Encyclopedia,One view is that,the complilation is to get more support from the scholars,another view is that,it is one of the important policies of the early Ming Dynasty to advocate education.This paper discuss that Yongle Encyclopediais only a whitewash.A lot of books which were collected in Yongle Encyclopedia were lost.And therefore in Qing Dynasty a lot of scholars started to collect books from Yongle Encyclopedia.And some books were collected in Sikuquanshu.Prof.Ding Zhimin compiled 25 books from the fragments of Yongle Encyclopedia and finished his work Yongle Encyclopedia and the Study of Its Languistic Books.The book was published in 2015,and this paper discussed some problems about the complilation of Yongle Ecyclopedia.
