媒介形态嬗变与话语霸权的转移

The Evolution of Media Form and the Shift of the Discourse Hegemony

人类社会不仅是一个利益竞争和权力争夺的战场,而且也是一个话语的战场,这是因为话语与权力和利益密不可分——权力需要话语的传播与维护,而话语则需要权力作为其保障:压制非霸权话语,使其边缘化,凸显和巩固主流话语霸权,进而获得其自身利益。随着人类社会的发展,人类话语霸权(主导话语权)发生了一系列变换与更迭,即由人类早期口语媒介时代的"老人话语霸权"、书写媒介时代的"贵族话语霸权"、印刷媒介时代的"资本话语霸权",发展到现代电子媒介时代(特别是计算机互联网时代)的"民主话语霸权"。这是必然的,是由社会生产力的发展和媒介形态的嬗变(不同媒介形态具有不同的媒介偏向性)所必然决定的。

Human society is a battlefield, which is not only for the interest competition and power struggle, but also for the right to speak. This is because discourses, rights and interests are inseparable. The discourses can spread and maintain the rights, and the rights can act as the safeguard of the discourses： suppress the non-hegemony of the discourses to make it marginalized, and make the dominant voice prominent and consolidate, and then obtain self interests. With the development of the human society, a number of changes occur for the discourse hegemony, namely, from the ＇ aged discourse hegemony＇ in the age of spoken media to the ＇ nobility discourse hegemony＇ in the age of writing media to the ＇ capital discourse hegemony＇ in the print age and finally to the ＇ democracy discourse hegemony＇ in the age of electronic media, especially in the age of the computer internet. This is inevitable and determined by the development of the social productive forces and the evolution of the media form （different media form has different media bias）.