考虑电动汽车充电设施接入的居民配电系统供电容量最优规划

Optimal Planning of Supply Capacity in a Residential Distribution System Considering Integration of Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities

近年来,我国大力推进电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)在私人领域的发展和普及,提出了新建住宅停车位须100%建设充电基础设施或预留建设安装条件的要求。持续增加的私人电动汽车的充电需求给居民配电系统规划带来重大挑战。配电系统规划既要保证常规用电负荷和电动汽车充电负荷需求得到可靠保障,也要兼顾系统运行安全性和经济性,避免过高冗余导致的资源闲置浪费。在此背景下,提出了一种计及电动汽车出行规律和有序充电的居民社区配电系统容量规划的混合整数线性规划模型,并采用线性规划和二元搜索相结合的方法求解。之后,采用一个实际工程案例证明了所提方法的可行性和有效性。计算结果表明,考虑电动汽车的出行规律和有序充电管理是必要的和有效的,能明显降低居民配电系统的高峰负荷,改善配电系统运行的安全性和经济性。

In recent years,Chinese government has been strongly promoting the popularization of electric vehicles（ EVs） in the private sector,and requires that newresidential buildings have the capability of fully accommodating charging infrastructure at the parking lots. The ever-increasing number of private EVs poses a challenge to distribution system planning. Distribution system planning aims to ensure that both conventional power demands and charging demands of EVs be reliably satisfied. Meanwhile,distribution system planning should well balance the security and economy of the system operation,to avoid unnecessary redundancy and hence waste of resources. Given this background,a mixed integer linear programming model for supply capacity planning of a residential distribution system is presented,with the travel patterns and coordinated charging management of EVs taken into account. The developed optimization model is then solved through the combined use of the linear programming method and binary search. Finally,a practical residential distribution system is employed to demonstrate the proposed method. Simulation results showthat it is necessary and efficient to consider the travel patterns and coordinated charging management of EVs,and the peak demand in the residential distribution system can then be significantly reduced,as well as the security and economy of the system improved.