“木雕三皇及孙思邈像”与医祀三皇制度

＂The Woodcarving Three Emperors and Sun Simiao＇ s Portrait＂ and the System of Sacrifice to Three Emperors

中国医史博物馆珍藏的明代“木雕三皇及孙思邈像”，是医祀三皇制度的历史见证。“三皇”本是中华民族的人文始祖，宋金时期逐渐被医家作为一个整体奉为医学始祖。到了元代，政府更是在全国范围内将“三皇”奉为医学祖神，与医学校并行建立三皇庙，每年春秋两季举行2次国家大祭，开创了医祀三皇制度。明清时期，这一制度逐渐褪去政治光环，三皇庙与药王庙同时出现，演变成民间百姓祈求祛病攘疾的庙宇。

＂The Woodcarving Three Emperors and Sun Simiao＇ s Portrait＂ of the Ming Dynasty preserved at the Chinese Museum for History of Medicine is the historical witness of the System of Sacrifice to Three Emperors. The ＂Three Emperors＂ are original ancestors of Chinese nation. In the Song and Jin Dynasties, they were gradually regarded as an ancestor of traditional Chinese medicine with a single entity and the father of medicine by medical practitioners. Until the Yuan Dynasty, side by side with the medical schools nationwide, the government regarded the ＂Three Emperors＂ as Medical Immortals set up the Temple of Three Emperors, and held two yearly national festivals in the spring and autumn, respectively, thus creating the System of Sacrifice to Three Emperors. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this System gradually evolved with its political halo faded away. The Temple of Three Emperors and Temple of King of Medicine appeared at the same time, and they incorporated and developed into a common temple where people pray for getting rid of diseases.