明清时期新安女医研究

Study on female doctors in Xin＇ an District in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清新安女医，大体可分4类：为女性患者提供一般医疗服务者；为产妇提供助产服务者；作为助手随夫业医者；夫亡之后坚守夫家医业者。虽然随夫行医者、坚守夫家医业者能够得到家族尊重和社会赞誉，但由于女医多不曾接受良好的医学教育而医术未精，更因“男尊女卑”礼教思想的影响，在以男性为医界主体的社会中，女医难以受到重视，她们的事迹很少见于史志记载。而女医群体的出现有其一定的社会原因，她们对当地医疗卫生的贡献是不应忽视的。

The Xin＇ an female doctors in the Ming and Qing Dynasties could be divided into 4 categories： viz. , those who provide general medical services for women patients; those who provide supplementary services for delivery women; those who serve as an assistant of their practicing husband; and those who continued to practice medicine after their husband＇ s death. Although the latter two types could be respected by their families and praised by the society, these female medical practitioners were undervalued and overlooked generally in the society where males were the main body of the medical circle and, moreover, they were not well educated, as well as the influence of Coafucianist thoughts of ＂honorable men and humble women＂, hence, their deeds were rarely seen in historical records. However, the emergence of female doctors had certain social causes, and their contributions to local health care should not be ignored.