江苏省某农药企业乙草胺车间职业病危害关键控制点分析

Analysis on critical control points of occupational hazards in acetochlor workshop of a pesticide enterprise in Jiangsu Province

目的了解江苏省某农药企业乙草胺生产车间的主要职业病危害,分析该企业职业病危害关键控制点,为用人单位职业病危害防护提供依据。方法采用职业卫生现场调查、职业病危害因素检测以及职业病危害分级方法进行分析。结果乙草胺车间的职业病危害因素包括乙醇、多聚甲醛、氯甲基乙基醚、氯化氢、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、2,6-甲乙基苯胺、氯乙酰氯、2,6-甲乙基-2-氯代乙酰替苯胺、氢氧化钠、乙草胺和噪声等。各车间工作场所空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的短时间接触浓度、时间加权平均浓度均符合职业接触限值要求。乙草胺车间控制室、酰化釜工作场所空气中氯化氢的最高浓度(0.03、0.07 mg/m^3)以及控制室、缩合釜工作场所空气中氢氧化钠的最高浓度(0.08、0.05 mg/m^3)均符合职业接触限值要求。噪声强度(8 h等效声级)为67.6~83.5 d B(A),均低于国家职业卫生限值标准。控制室、水解釜、蒸发室、缩合釜(苯、甲苯、二甲苯),控制室、醚化釜、酰化釜(氯化氢),酰化釜、合成釜、醚化釜、氯化氢洗涤吸收器、蒸发器(噪声)确定为职业病危害关键控制点。结论现场调查和检测结果表明,该车间采取的职业病防护措施运行有效,但仍需加强对职工职业卫生教育培训及佩戴防护用品的检查力度,防止设备、管线跑冒滴漏,并加强现有防护设施及应急用品的检查、保养、维护,防止急性职业中毒事故发生。

[Objective]To understand the main occupational hazards of acetochlor production workshop in a pesticide enterprise in Jiangsu Province,analyze the critical control points of occupational hazards in the enterprise,and provide the basis for protection of occupational hazards. [Methods] The methods of occupational health field investigation,occupational disease risk factor detection and occupational hazards classification were used to analyze. [Results] The occupational hazards of the workshop included ethanol,paraformaldehyde,chloromethyl ethyl ether,hydrogen chloride,benzene,toluene,xylene,2,6-methylethylaniline,chloroacetyl chloride,2,6-methylethyl-2-chloroacetanilide,sodium hydroxide,acetochlor and noise. The CSTEL and CTWA of benzene,toluene and xylene in the workplace met the requirements of occupational exposure limit. The MAC of hydrogen chloride in control room and acylation kettle of acetochlor workshop（0.03,0.07 mg/m^3） and the MAC of sodium hydroxide in control room and condensate kettle（0.08,0.05 mg/m^3） met the requirements of occupational exposure limit. The noise intensity（8 h equivalent sound level） was 67.6-83.5 d B（A）,which was lower than the national occupational health standard. Control room,hydrolysis kettle,evaporation chamber,synthetic kettle（benzene,toluene and xylene）,control room,etherification kettle,acylation kettle（hydrogen chloride）,acylation kettle,synthetic kettle,etherification kettle,HCl washing absorber,evaporator（noise） were identified as the critical control points of occupational hazards. [Conclusion] The results of field investigation and detection show that the occupational disease protection measures taken by the workshop are effective,but it is still necessary to strengthen the training of occupational health education and the inspection of wearing protective equipment,prevent the equipment and pipelines from dripping,and strengthen the inspection and maintenance of existing protective facilities and emergency supplies to prevent the occurrence of acute occupational poisoning accident.