2012—2016年深圳市某街道粉尘作业工人职业健康检查

Occupational medical examination results of dust-exposed workers in a Street of Shenzhen City from 2012-2016

目的了解深圳市某街道粉尘作业工人的职业健康情况,为制定职业病防治提供对策。方法采用整群抽样方法,以深圳市某街道的18 892名粉尘作业工人为研究对象,按照《职业健康监护技术规范》进行职业健康检查,收集检查结果并进行统计分析。结果 2012—2016年深圳市某街道粉尘作业工人的疑似尘肺病、职业禁忌证、需观察复查分别检出14例、361例、2 421例,检出率分别为0.07%、1.91%、12.81%,>50岁年龄组和>15年工龄组的检出率均为最高。14例疑似尘肺病均发生在男性工人,男性工人需观察复查检出率(13.31%)高于女性(10.36%)(P<0.01)。作业工人的疑似尘肺病、职业禁忌证、需观察复查的检出率均随着年龄、工龄的增加呈逐渐上升趋势(P<0.05)。结论深圳市某街道粉尘作业工人的职业健康状况不容乐观,应重视男性、年龄较大以及工龄较长工人的职业健康检查和复查工作,及时调离职业禁忌证工人和疑似尘肺病人的诊断工作,预防和控制职业病的发生。

[ Objective ] To understand the occupational health status of dust-exposed workers in a street of Shenzhen City, provide basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. [Methods] A cluster sampling method was adopted to select 18 892 dust-exposed workers as the study subjects from a street of Shenzhen City,the occupational medical examination was performed according to the Technical specifications for occupational health surveillance,and the results were statistically analyzed. [Results] 14 cases of suspected pneumoconiosis, 361 cases of occupational contraindication and 2 421 cases of observation or reexamination were detected from 2012 to 2016.,which the detection rate was respectively 0.07%,1.91% and 12.81% ,and the detection rates were the highest in 〉50 year-old age group and working age 〉15 years group. All of 14 suspected pneumoconiosis cases occurred in male workers. The proportion of workers need observation or re-examination in male group （13.31%） was higher than that in female group （10.36%）（P〈0.01 ）. The detection rate of suspected pneumoconiosis, occupational contraindications, and workers need observation or re-examination increased with age and working length （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] The occupational health status of dust-exposed workers is not optimistic in a street of Shenzhen City. It is necessary to pay attention to occupational health examination and re-examination for men and older workers with longer working years, transfer the workers with occupational contraindication and improve the diagnosis of workers with suspected pneumoconiosis, to prevent and and control the occupational diseases.