2016年菏泽市手足口病病原体型别及分布特征

Type and distribution characteristics of pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease in Heze City in 2016

目的明确菏泽市2016年手足口病(HFMD)病原体型别及分布特征,为防控HFMD提供科学依据。方法采集临床HFMD病例的粪便或肛拭子样本,用Real-time PCR方法进行肠道病毒通用(EV)型、EV71型、CA16型的核酸检测。结果共采集540例临床HFMD病例样本,检测出肠道病毒核酸阳性474例(87.78%)。其中EV71型阳性101例,占21.31%;CA16型阳性161例,占33.97%;EV71型和CA16型混合阳性1例,占0.21%;其他肠道病毒阳性211例,占44.51%。3—5月份肠道病毒阳性病例占全年阳性病例的47.00%,4和5月份为高峰。全部9县区均检测到阳性病例,其中5个县区以其他肠道病毒占优势,3个县以CA16型占优势,1个县以EV71型占优势。阳性病例中男女性别比例为1.60∶1,年龄主要集中在5岁以下儿童,其中1~<2和2~<3年龄组人群最多,占全部阳性病例的74.26%。结论 2016年菏泽市流行的手足口病病原体有EV71型、CA16型及其他肠道病毒,其中以其他肠道病毒占优势。阳性病例在不同县区、月份和人群的分布有差异。

[Objective]To study the type and distribution characteristics of the pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） in Heze City in 2016,provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD. [Methods] Stool or anal swab specimens of clinical diagnosed cases of HFMD were collected,and Enterovirus（EV）,Enterovirus 71（EV71） and Coxsackievirus A16（CA16）nucleic acid detection was done by Real-time PCR method. [Results] 540 clinical HFMD cases were tested,and there were 474（87.78%） positive cases for enterovirus,including 101（21.31%） cases of EV71,161（33.97%） cases of CA16,1（0.21%）co-infection case of EV71 and CA16,and 211（44.51%） cases of other enteric viruses.The positive cases occurred March to May accounted for 47.00% of the cases in the whole year,and peak season appeared April and May. All 9 districts and counties had confirmed cases. The main pathogen was other enteric viruses in 5 districts and counties,and the main pathogen was CA16 in 3 counties,and the main pathogen was EV71 in 1 county. The ratio of male-to-female was 1.60∶1. Most of cases were children under5 years old,and cases in 1-〈2 and 2-〈3 year-old age groups accounted for 74.26% of total positive cases. [Conclusion] The pathogens of HFMD include EV71,CA16 and other enteric viruses in in Heze City in 2016,and other enteric viruses are dominant. The distributions of positive cases in different counties,months and populations are diverse.