小麦Ph基因的研究进展

Research Progress of Ph Gene in Wheat

利用远缘杂交将小麦亲缘种属的某些优良性状导入到小麦中是改良小麦品种的重要途径。但小麦自身带有的抑制部分同源染色体配对的ph基因,使外缘基因的导入受到限制。因而利用缺失的ph基因可以得到小麦异源附加系、易位系等新的小麦品系,对于小麦的生产实践具有重要作用。本综述从ph基因的突变体与抑制基因,ph基因作用机制与分子机理和ph基因的应用三方面综述ph基因的研究进展,并对其前景进行展望,旨在为麦类作物染色体遗传与进化、同源关系分析以及基因调控等研究提供理论依据。

The use of distant hybridization to introduce certain fine traits of wheat relatives into wheat is an important way to improve wheat varieties. However, wheat itself has a ph gene that inhibits the paring of some homologous chromosomes, which restricts the introduction of foreign genes. Therefore, wheat heterologous lines,translocation lines and other new wheat lines can be obtained by using the missing ph gene, which plays an important role in wheat production practice. In this paper, the progress and prospects of ph gene was reviewed from three aspects of the mutation and inhibitor gene of ph gene, the action and molecular mechanism of ph gene and the application of ph gene. The future was prospected which aimed to provide the theoretical basis for the study of wheat crop on chromosome inheritance and evolution, homology analysis and gene regulation.