英语名词、动词、形容词的转类现象及认知阐释

A cognitive study of English words by conversion between nouns,verbs and adjectives

借助2011年出版的《简明牛津英语词典》的词类标注,我们收集到7406个转类词。在对其中与名词、动词、形容词相关的转类词进行研究后,我们把它们分为名—动、名—形、动—形、名—动—形、名—副、动—副、形—副等66种类型。通过分析这些转类词的特点和表现,我们发现英语词汇形成转类词必须具备两个基本条件:第一,词义概念具有二元结构,具备转类引申的基础;第二,词素语义具备转喻视角化的特点,能提供正确的联想。

With the help of Concise Oxford English Dictionary,published in 2011,7406 converted words in modern English were collected and divided into 66 types. And all these converted words are nouns or verbs or adjectives which are closely related. Through a careful study on the characteristics of these converted words,it is discovered that they reflect more or less the conversion between token and type concepts of words and it is also an instance of metonymy perspectivization.