宁夏南部地区农村老年人公共卫生服务需求探析

A tentative probe into public health service demand and its influencing factors among rural elderly in Southern Ningxia

目的:了解宁夏南部农村老年人公共卫生服务需求现状。方法:采用分层抽样选取宁夏南部地区4个县级区域,然后根据便利原则随机抽取8个乡镇17个村,以55岁以上的准老年人和老年人作为调查对象,最终得到356份有效问卷。数据分析利用SPSS 22.0进行,主要分析方法是描述性统计、方差分析和OLS回归。结果:宁南地区农村老年人对公共卫生服务需求最高的三个条目依次为测量血压(87.1%)、定期体检(83.7%)、测量血糖(83.1%)。影响因素为吃水果情况、刷牙、洗手、健康自评、家中是否备有常用药、是否参加集体活动等。结论:(1)开展饮食指导和卫生知识方面的宣传与教育,可以降低农村老年人对于公共卫生服务的需求,节约公共卫生资源;(2)为满足农村老年人对公共卫生服务的需求,农村基层卫生服务机构应当加强健康监测方面的投入。

Objective To analyze public health service demand and its influencing factors among rural elderly in Southern Ningxia. Methods Stratified sampling method was used to select four county areas in Southern Ningxia, then according to the principle of convenience 17 villages of 8 townships were extracted at random. The elderly over the age of 55 as investigation subjects, 356 pieces of valid questionnaires were acquired. SPSS 22.0 was adopted for data analysis by descriptive statistics, variance analysis and OLS regression. Results The highest three entries demands for public health services among the rural elderly in Southern Ningxia in turn were measuring blood pressure （87.1%） , regular physical examination（83. 7 %） , and measuring blood glucose（83. 1%）. The factors influencing public health service demand were eating fruit or not, frequency of brushing teeth, hand hygiene situation, self-evaluation of health, having common medicines at home or not, and participating in group activities or not. Conclusions To carry out dietary guidance and health knowledge publicity and education can decrease the demands for the public health services of the rural elderly and save the resources of the public health. On the other hand, in order to satisfy the demand for the public health services of the rural elderly, rural grassroots health service institu- tions should increase the investment of health monitoring.