某医科大学女生不良体重控制行为现况调查

Current situation and influencing factors of girls' poor weight control in a medical university

目的:了解某医科大学女生不良体重控制行为及影响要素,为实施大学生健康管理提供参考依据。方法:2016年5月18日至22日对某医科大学大一至大三年级女生以宿舍为单位,随机抽取270名学生进行自填式匿名问卷调查。结果:回收有效问卷243份,有效回收率为90%。243人中,按照BMI标准划分,体重过轻43人(17.7%),体重正常181人(74.5%),超重/肥胖19人(7.8%)。体重为正常者中56人(30.9%)认为自己超重,10人(5.5%)认为自己肥胖;体重过轻者中32人(74.4%)认为自己正常,2人(4.7%)认为自己超重。不良体重控制行为报告率为31.3%(76/243),其中禁食者46.1%、诱导腹泻35.5%、不吃主食31.6%、喝减肥茶30.3%等。有不良体重控制行为者其头晕(χ~2=12.874,P=0.000)、焦虑(χ~2=11.060,P=0.001)、脱发(χ~2=7.636,P=0.006)、便秘(χ~2=5.987,P=0.014)等症状的出现率均高于无不良体重控制行为者。单因素分析结果显示:户籍、体重组别、如何看待自己的体重、体重调节意向、刻意减过体重等因素与不良体重控制行为有统计学关联(P<0.05)。结论:部分女大学生不能正确认识自己的体型,其体重控制行为对其健康造成一定的危害,故对女大学生进行健康管理迫在眉睫。

Objective To explore the behaviors and influencing factors of adverse weight control of female students in a medical university, and to provide references for the implementation of health management of college students. Methods On May 18,2016,a self-filled anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among the first to third year female students of a medical university. Results 19（7.8%） of the subjects were overweight/obese. According to BMI, 56 （30.9 % ）of the students with normal weight considered themselves overweight and 10 （5.5 % ）considered themselves obese. Thirty-two underweight students（ 74.4% ）considered themselves normal, and two（4.7 % ）thought they were overweight. The reported rate of adverse weight control was 31.3 % （76/243）. Compared with students without adverse weight control behavior,students with unhealthy weight control behaviors bad higher rates of dizziness（ χ2= 12. 874,P〈 0. 000）, anxiety （χ2= 11. 060, P = 0. 001 ）, hair loss （χ2= 7. 636, P = 0. 006 ）, and constipation （χ2 = 5. 987, P = 0. 014）. Conclusions Some female college students can＇t evaluate their body shape in a correct way,and their control behavior is also a great harm,so it is urgent to carry out health management.