互联网企业员工职业应激与职业倦怠及抑郁倾向的关系研究

Association of occupational stress with job burnout and depression tendency in workers in Internet companies

目的 探讨互联网企业员工职业应激与职业倦怠及抑郁倾向的关系.方法 于2016年7-11月,采取横断面方法对北京市、山东省和浙江省（共）35家互联网企业的3 603名员工进行问卷调查,对互联网企业员工职业应激与职业倦怠及抑郁倾向关系进行探讨.结果 互联网企业员工JDC和ERI型职业应激比例分别为63.70％、34.60％,其中销售岗位JDC和ERI两型职业应激比例分别为75.63％、62.70％.员工总体职业倦怠比例为10.69％,销售岗位职业倦怠比例为22.12％.员工总体中重度至重度抑郁倾向比例为18.79％,销售岗位中重度至重度抑郁倾向比例为46.13％.JDC型职业应激增加了职业倦怠和抑郁的发生风险,OR值分别为3.52和1.85 （P＜0.05）;ERI型职业应激也增加了职业倦怠和抑郁倾向的发生风险,OR值分别为8.24和5.59（P＜0.05）.另外,饮食不规律、失眠是职业倦怠的危险因素,年龄≥41岁、收入低、销售岗位、工作面屏时间≥10 h/d、失眠、自评健康状况差等是抑郁倾向的危险因素.结论 JDC型和ERI型职业应激均增加了职业倦怠和抑郁倾向的发生风险,销售岗位职业应激、职业倦怠和抑郁倾向状况在所有岗位中最为严峻.

Objective To investigate the association of occupational stress with job burnout and depression tendency in workers in Internet companies.Methods From July to November,2016,the crosssectional method was used to perform a questionnaire survey of 3603 workers in 35 Internet companies in Beijing,Shandong Province,and Zhejiang Province in China,and the association of occupational stress with job burnout and depression tendency was analyzed.Results Among these workers,63.70% had occupational stress with job demand-control （JDC） and 34.60% had occupational stress with effort-reward imbalance （ERI）;among the workers engaged in sales,75.63% had occupational stress with JDC and 62.70% had occupational stress with ERI.Of all workers,10.69% had job burnout,and among the workers engaged in sales,22.12% had job burnout.Of all workers,18.79% had the tendency of moderate-to-severe or severe depression,and among the workers engaged in sales,46.13% had such tendency.Occupational stress with JDC increased the risk of job burnout and depression （odds ratio [OR]=3.52 and 1.85,P〈0.05）,and occupational stress with ERI also increased the risk of job burnout and depression （OR=8.24 and 5.59,P〈0.05）.In addition,irregular diet and insomnia were risk factors for job burnout;age ≥41 years,low income,sales position,working time spent on the screen ≥ 10 hours/day,insomnia,and poor self-evaluated health status were risk factors for depression tendency.Conclusion Occupational stress with JDC and ERI increases the risk of job burnout and depression tendency,and among the workers in Internet companies,the workers engaged in sales have the most severe occupational stress,job burnout,and depression tendency.