重庆市40岁及以上城市居民骨质疏松症现状调查

Investigation on osteoporosis status in residents(>40 years old) of Chongqing city

目的了解重庆市40岁及以上城市居民骨质疏松流行现状,为骨质疏松的防治提供科学依据。方法于2016年7-9月在重庆市4个主城区共20个社区中随机抽取40岁及以上居民2 028名,应用BMD-1000P型超声骨质分析仪测量研究对象桡骨的骨密度,并进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般情况、日常生活方式和骨质疏松相关知识知晓情况。应用SPSS 20.0进行χ~2检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果重庆市40岁及以上城市居民骨量减少、骨质疏松检出率分别54.89%、6.27%。女性骨质疏松患病率(7.64%)高于男性(4.79%),随年龄增大骨质疏松患病率升高,不同文化程度、职业居民骨质疏松患病率不同,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。饮用奶类及奶制品的频率、日均户外日照时间、饮食口味和服药习惯不同的居民骨质疏松患病率不同,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.56~2.16)、性别(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.10~2.44)是骨质疏松的影响因素。重庆市40岁以上城市居民对骨质疏松症的特征性表现、骨质疏松症的易患人群、预防骨质疏松的均衡饮食、骨健康基本补充剂以及绝经后妇女和老年人每日钙推荐摄入量的知晓率分别为18.49%、3.75%、11.09%、32.84%和13.91%,其中骨质疏松人群对骨质疏松症的特征性表现、骨健康基本补充剂的知晓率(分别为11.02%、22.05%)均低于非骨质疏松人群(分别为19.03%、33.53%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论重庆市40岁以上居民中骨质疏松症高危人群检出率高,骨质疏松患病率较高,相关知识知晓率低,应重点加强对老年和女性居民的骨质疏松症知识的宣教和骨质疏松高危人群及骨质疏松患者的健康自我管理。

Objective To understand the osteoporosis status in residents（40 years old） of Chongqing city, and to provide the reference for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Methods During July to September of 2016, 2 028 residents（40 years old）were selected from 20 communities in 4 main urban districts of Chongqing as the subjects. The investigation was conducted with questionnaire（general condition, daily life-style and the knowledge about osteoporosis） and the radial bone mineral density was measured by BMD-1000 P ultrasonic bone analyzer. The chi-square test and multi factor multi-variant logistic regression analysis were utilized to analyze the data, the used software was SPSS 20.0. Results The morbidities of osteopenia and osteoporosis in residents（40 years old） of Chongqing in China were 54.89% and 6.27%, respectively. The osteoporosis morbidity（7.64%） in females was significantly higher than that（4.79%） in males, and increased with age; there were significant differences of osteoporosis morbidity among residents with different education levels and occupations（P 0.01）. Also there were significant differences of osteoporosis morbidity among residents with the different fluencies of drinking milk and milk production, the different outdoor sunlight time or the different tastes and drug habits（P〈0.05）. The multi-variant logistic regression indicated that age（OR=1.83, 95%CI： 1.56-2.16）, gender（OR=1.64, 95%CI： 1.10-2.44） were independent influencing factors of osteoporosis.The awareness rates of the features for osteoporosis,the sensitive population to osteoporosis, the balanced diet of preventing osteoporosis, the bone health basic supplement and the recommended daily intake of calcium for postmenopausal women and elderly people were 18.49%, 3.75%, 11.09%, 32.84% and 13.91% in residents（40 years old） of Chongqing respectively; the awareness rates of the features for osteoporosis, the bone health basic supplement in residents with osteoporosis were 11.02% and22.05%, which were significantly lower than those（19.03% and 33.53%） in residents without osteoporosis（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.Conclusion In residents（40 years old） of Chongqing, the detected rate of population with high risk of osteoporosis and the osteoporosis morbidity were high, and the awareness rate of knowledge related to osteoporosis was lower. The health education and health self-management of osteoporosis should be focused on the elderly or female residents.