《食品安全法》实施前后全国食物中毒流行病学特征变化的对比分析

Comparative analysis on the changes of food poisoning epidemiological characteristics before and after the implementation of Food Safety Law in China

目的考察《食品安全法》对食物中毒流行病学特征的影响,并提出监管对策。方法以2009年底作为《食品安全法》实施前后的分界线,以国家卫生行政部门公开的食物中毒事件的通告数据为基础,对《食品安全法》实施前后全国食物中毒事件基本特征进行描述性分析和对比分析。结果《食品安全法》实施后,食物中毒报告数和中毒人数均明显下降,且在总体维持较低的水平下呈现平稳趋势;食物中毒发生原因的主次顺序已由微生物性、有毒动植物性、化学性、不明原因,转化为有毒动植物性、微生物性、化学性、不明原因;在食物中毒发生场所中,集体食堂所占比重已从32.8%下降至22.4%,家庭所占比重从38.4%上升至49.7%,家庭已成为食物中毒发生的最主要场所。结论《食品安全法》实施后,我国食物中毒情况明显好转;食物中毒发生原因及发生场所的特征变化,为制定相应的食物中毒防范措施和监管政策提供了依据。

Objective To investigate the impact of the Food Safety Law on the epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning and put forward regulatory measures. Methods Descriptive analysis and comparative analysis were carried out based on the data from the public notice of food poisoning incidents from the national health administrative departments for the basic characteristics of food poisoning before and after the implementation of the Food Safety Law in China with the end of 2009 as the dividing line. Results The number of reported food poisoning and the number of poisoned people dropped significantly,and showed a steady trend at a relatively low overall level after the Food Safety Law was implemented. The attribution of food poisoning changed from microbial,toxic animals and plants,chemical and unknown causes to toxic animals and plants,microbial,chemical and unknown causes. The proportion of food poisoning at collective canteens dropped from 32. 8% to 22. 4%,the proportion of families rise from 38. 4% to 49. 7%. Families became the most important places where food poisoning occurred. Conclusion After the implementation of the Food Safety Law,the food poisoning situation in China significantly improved; the changes of the causes and places of food poisoning provided the basis for formulating the corresponding prevention measures of food poisoning and the policy of supervision and management.