黄贮玉米秸秆捡拾机的设计

Design of Yellow Corn Silage Pickup Machine

玉米收获后残留的秸秆含水率低、密度小、空隙大,易掺杂土壤,不利于秸秆的后续能源化、饲料化利用。本文提出的玉米秸秆黄贮捡拾机将秸秆捡拾、翻抛后,通过振动方式,实现秸秆与夹杂土壤的分离,并通过输送机构对秸秆进行收集。通过理论计算,设计了前置式黄贮玉米秸秆捡拾机,包括捡拾机构、翻抛机构、去土机构、输送机构和机架等5部分,能够一次性完成秸秆的地表捡拾、翻抛输送、振动去土和收集,提高了工作效率,降低了秸秆的含杂率。通过理论计算,确定了捡拾、翻抛、振动和输送等4部分的功率消耗分别为583.16、3 4 9.7 7、2 4.1 5、7 3 7.8 1 W,并据此完成了黄贮玉米秸秆捡拾机的整机和关键零部件设计,确定了捡拾轴、翻抛轴和输送轴的转速分别为516、240、548r/min。田间试验表明:该机具有较低的捡拾损失率和显著的去土效果,能有效避免缠绕堵塞现象的发生。

The residual corn straw after harvest has some features,such as low water content,small density,large gap and easy to mix soil,which is not conducive to the subsequent energy utilization and feed utilization of straw.The corn straw pickup machine proposed in this paper can pick up straw and turn it over,then through vibration separate the straw and mixed soil.Through theoretical calculation,the author designs a front mounted yellow corn stalk pickup machine,including pickup mechanism,turning throw mechanism,removing soil mechanism,conveying mechanism and frame work,which can once complete the straw pickup,turning over,vibration to remove soil and collection.The corn straw pickup machine can improve work efficiency and reduce the impurity rate of straw.Through theoretical calculation,the power consumption of picking,turning,vibration and conveying are respectively 583.16 W,349.77 W,24.15 W and 737.81 W,which help complete the design of yellow corn stalk pickup machine and its key parts.The speeds of pickup shaft,turning shaft and conveying shaft are respectively 516 r/min,240 r/min and 548 r/min.The results of field trials show that the machine in this paper has the advantages of low loss rate and remarkable soil removal effect,and can effectively avoid the occurrence of winding and blocking.