基于农机农艺融合的大葱机械化移栽关键技术研究

The Key Technology Research of Green Chinese Onion Mechanized Transplanting for Integration of Agriculture Machinery and Agronomy

为了提升大葱种植的机械化水平,从大葱种植的农机农艺融合出发,以山东章丘大葱与山东安丘大葱为例,总结了大葱裸苗及钵苗移栽的特点及要求,分析了国内外大葱移栽技术及关键机构的特点,提出了大葱移栽种植的问题及建议。研究结果表明:大葱种植农艺相似,大葱移栽株距为30~50mm,栽植深度为60~100mm,利于规模化种植及机械化移栽;推出式投苗装置与挠盘式栽植器适于大葱机械化移栽;自动取苗、零速栽植是迫切解决的大葱移栽的关键技术;实现移栽机研发与种植农艺、育苗技术相结合,自主技术创新与引进吸收相结合,专业研究与通用研究相结合,政府扶持与市场导向相结合,可提升大葱机械化移栽技术及装备的整体水平。

In order to improve the mechanization level of green Chinese onion planting,the planting characteristics and requirements of bare root seedling and pot seedling for the green Chinese onion in Shandong Zhangqiu or Anqiu were analyzed.Combined with the present situation of green Chinese onion transplanting technology and key organization at home and abroad,the problems and suggestions of transplanting technology for green Chinese onion were put forward.The result shows that： the green Chinese onion transplanting planting distance of 30 mm to 50 mm,planting depth of 60 mm-100 mm.the green Chinese onion plant agronomic is similar and advantageous for the large-scale cultivation and the mechanized transplanting.Launch device for seedlings and flexible disc planting apparatus were suitable for the requirements of green Chinese onion transplanting seedling.And many key technologies remain to be researched such as automation picking seedling,zero speed planting.The paper puts forward a route,which can improve overall level of green Chinese onion transplanting technology and equipment by combination of transplanting machine research and planting agronomy,seedling techniques,self-innovation and introduction from outside,professional research and general research,government support and market orientation.