中晚唐宦官专权的文书学解读

Chidie and the Eunuch's Monopoly on Central Power in the Mid-and Late Tang

中晚唐宦官专权最重要的政务工具是敕牒。由于其"承敕而牒"的文书特性,使得皇帝身边的近侍宦官也可以直接承敕而牒诸使,并且其承敕的内容由慰谕一类的小事逐渐拓展至行政事务,开始瓜分中书门下的政令颁行权。与此相应,宦官集团发展出了庞大的内诸使司群体,以便承敕操控行政事务。二者相配合,严重破坏了中晚唐正常的行政体制尤其是中枢体制。

Chidie,one of the most significant imperial edicts,was the most effective tool whereby eunuchs could put entire imperial court under their control. Eunuchs availed themselves of chidie issued by the emperor to give orders and handle routine affairs. In doing so,they reshaped the established power configuration between the Central Secretariat and the Imperial Chancellery. As a consequence,the normal central administrative system was undermined.