义和团运动时期列强在上海的驻军与撤军

The Landing and Evacuation of the International Troops in Shanghai during the Boxer Movement

义和团运动时期,列强围绕上海驻军和撤军问题展开的交涉,一方面反映了上海的重要地位,同时也具体揭示了列强之间的矛盾,是19世纪末列强争夺势力范围的一个延续。英国最早提出上海驻军问题,显然将自己视为上海和长江流域的"主人",而德、法、日等国的驻军要求和提出的撤军条件及其他列强的反应,无疑否定了英国在上海和长江领域的特殊地位,一定程度确定了上海是列强的共同"乐园"这一事实。因此,上海驻军和撤军问题是义和团运动时期英国对华政策的一个失败之举,表明随着德、法、日、俄、美等列强在华势力的扩大,大英帝国的优势地位正在逐渐丧失,英国并不是上海和长江流域的唯一"主人"。

During the Boxer Movement,the negotiations among the powers on the landing and evacuation of the troops in Shanghai,which revealed the important status of Shanghai and the contradictions between the powers. This was a continuation of the struggle between the powers for the scope of influences in the end of the 19 th century. Great Britain first proposed landing the troops in Shanghai,apparently seeing herself as the master of Shanghai and the Yangtze River basin. The requirements of landing troops in Shanghai and the conditions for the evacuation from Shanghai of Germany,France,Japan and the reaction of other powers,undoubtedly denied the special position occupied by Great Britain in Shanghai and the Yangtze River. To some extent,it confirmed the fact that Shanghai was a common "paradise"for the powers.Therefore,the issue of the landing and evacuation of the troops in Shanghai was a failure of the British policy towards China during the Boxer Movement. It showed that with the expansion of Germany,France,Japan,Russia,the United States and other powers in China,the dominant position of the British Empire was gradually losing.