中国儿童权利保护状况评价体系的构建

The Construction of the Assessment System for the Protection of Children's Rights in China

儿童权利是人权的重要组成部分,儿童权利保护需要依靠法律。在国际法层面,我国已经加入以《儿童权利公约》为核心的儿童权利保护国际公法公约体系和由海牙国际私法会议牵头构建的儿童权利保护国际私法公约体系。在国内法层面,中国《宪法》和主要的部门法中均有对儿童权利保护的特别规定;儿童权利保护专门性法律也在《未成年人保护法》《预防未成年人犯罪法》基础上日趋完善;党和国家有关儿童权利保护的政策性文件对儿童权利的实现也意义重大。本文提出了以实证的方法构建评估中国儿童权利法律保护状况的指标体系的初步设想。构建指标体系有助于更客观全面地反映中国儿童权利保护的成就与问题,有助于推动中国儿童权利法律保护理论与实践的发展。

Children＇s rights are an important part of human rights, and the protection of children＇s rights depends on the law. On the level of International law, China has joined the international public law and convention system which takes the Convention on the Rights of the Child as the core in international law, and the 1996 Hague Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children. On the level of domestic law, there are special regulations regarding the protection of children＇s rights in the PRC constitution and department laws, and the special law that is based on Juvenile Protection Law and Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Law has been increasingly improved. In addition, some policy documents concern- ing the protection of children＇s rights are also very important. This paper proposes the construc- tion of a preliminary evaluation index system for the protection of children＇s rights based on empirical studies. The evaluation index system can objectively reflect the achievements and problems of China children＇s rights protection, and promote the legal theory and practice of the protection of children＇s rights to a higher level.