建国初期翻译制度化的确立与效应

The Establishment of Translation Institutionalization and Its Effect in the Early Period after the Foundation of PRC

中华人民共和国成立初期确立了社会主义政治制度,国家外交政策和文艺政策都要求翻译活动走向计划化和组织化,翻译具有了服从和服务国家政治的功能。本文回顾建国初期有关学者对市场化翻译弊端的反思批判和对制度化翻译的倡导和呼吁,从政治、外交、文艺需要考察翻译组织化的背景,进而从出版机构改造、翻译组织建立和翻译刊物创立,分析翻译制度化的确立过程。认为翻译制度化的确立以1954年第一届全国文学翻译工作会议召开为标志,产生了政治效应,形成了国家翻译实践的制度化翻译模式。

The early period after the foundation of the People's Republic of China saw establishment of Socialism as political system,diplomatic policy and policy of art and literature,when translation activity demanded being organized and programmed for the function of subordinating and serving national politics. The paper makes a survey of the scholars and translators' critical and negative views over the market-driven translation before the foundation of PRC,and their appeals to and proposals for translation being institutionalized.The author investigates the political,diplomatic and cultural need for institutionalization of translation,followed by an analysis of the establishment process in which publishing agencies were reformed,translation organizations were founded and magazines on translation topics were issued. It is concluded that the establishment of translation institutionalization was marked by the opening of the First National Literary Translation Conference,and entailed political effects and national translation programs,a mode of institutionalized translation.