从“海上同盟”到“海上帝国”--公元前5世纪雅典对外扩张与东地中海国际关系探略

From the “Maritime Alliance” to the “Maritime Empire”——A Study on the External Expansion of Athens and the International Relations with Eastern Mediterranean in the 5^(th) Century B. C.

雅典同盟作为雅典与提洛同盟所结成的同盟,在波希战争(公元前500—公元前479年)后,逐渐演变成为雅典帝国。雅典人以武力统治为基础,从政治、经济、司法诸方面强化对广大属国人民的统治,几乎完全剥夺了各属国的主权。雅典帝国是雅典人的国家,不是独立城邦联盟。随着时间的推移,雅典城邦制度与国家规模之间的矛盾日益突出,在对外关系上,与斯巴达等国的冲突不断加剧,最终导致伯罗奔尼撒战争的爆发并促成了雅典帝国的崩溃。雅典帝国的形成和瓦解,对公元前5世纪东地中海地区的国际关系产生了重大而深远的影响。

Athenian League, which was composed of Athens and Delian League, gradually evolved into Athenian Empire after the Persian Wars(500-479 B. C.). Based on military force, Athenians strengthened the government of the masses of the numerous vassal states from the aspects of politics, economy, judicature and so on, even to the extent that almost deprive of the sovereignty of these states. The Athenian Empire was not the alliance of sovereign states, but the state of the Athenians. With the passage of time, the contradiction between Athenian polis system and Athenian national scale was increasingly prominent, and the conflict between Athens and other poleis such as Sparta was constantly serious, which eventually led to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War and the collapse of Athenian Empire. The formation and collapse of the Athenian Empire had an important impact on the international relations with Eastern Mediterranean in the 5^(th) century B. C.