静电技术在农作物种植上的研究进展与应用

Research progress and application of electrostatic technique in crop cultivation

静电技术在农作物种植中的农作物灭虫、授粉和育种等方面均有应用。利用静电技术防治农作物病虫害的方法主要有静电喷药法和静电放电法,前者利用静电技术使药液雾化带电,在静电场的作用下使其吸附到目标上,可以有效减少施药量:后者利用高压静电场杀死害虫,从而避免农药的使用。利用静电技术进行农作物授粉的方法主要为静电涂覆法,其原理是使花粉颗粒带电,并在静电场的作用下运动到花柱头上,完成有效授粉。利用静电技术进行农作物育种主要利用静电场对种子进行处理,改善种子的生理生化指标,实现农作物增产。本文主要介绍了静电技术在农作物灭虫、授粉和育种3个方面的应用现状及研究成果,并提出相应展望,静电技术已广泛应用于农作物种植上,随着该技术的不断发展和完善,必将大力推进农业的发展。

Electrostatic technology has been applied in many aspects of crop cultivation, such as crop disinfestation, pollination and breeding. As for the application in prevention and control of crop diseases and pests, the main methods are electrostatic spraying and electrostatic discharge. The former uses electrostatic technology to atomize the liquid charge to make it adsorb to the target under the action of electrostatic field, and reduce the dose effectively. The latter uses high voltage electrostatic field to kill pests, thereby avoiding the use of pesticides. In crop pollination, electrostatic coating is the main method to charge the pollen grains make them move to the head of a flower column under the action of electrostatic field. In crop breeding, the physiological and biochemical indexes of seeds are improved by electrostatic field in order to increase production. This paper introduced the research progress and application status of electrostatic technique in crop disinfestation, pollination and breeding, and put forward corresponding prospects. Electrostatic technology has been widely used in crop planting, with the continuous development and improvement of the technology, the development of agriculture will be vigorously promoted.