宗白华“舞”的阐释与中国舞蹈美学特征

Aesthetic Characteristic of Chinese Dance and ZONG Bai-hua's Interpretation on “Dancing”

"舞"是宗白华阐释中国艺术的关键词。"舞"的观念基础来自于《周易》的宇宙观。宗白华认为宇宙万物由气的节奏性变化构成,并伴随着一定的条理与秩序。而宇宙空间是由时间统率的,也是节奏化的,并呈现为"时空统一体"。在此基础上,宗白华指出"舞"是艺术本体"生生的节奏"最直接的显现,同时也是艺术境界的典型形态。宗白华对"舞"的阐释暗含着中国舞蹈审美特征的线索。他所阐发的《周易》宇宙观是中国舞蹈"圆"审美特征的根本依据;"无往不复"的观念是中国舞蹈"终点回归起点"运动原则的理论原点;"生生的节奏"是中国舞蹈"线"性特征的本源。

＂Dancing＂is a key word in Zong Bai-hua＇s interpretation on Chinese art. The idea is based on cosmology in Zhouyi.Zong Bai-hua believes that the formation of the universe is the rhythmic changes of qi,which observes certain regulations and orders.While the cosmic space is commanded by time,which also has rhythmic changes and appears to be＂space-time continuum＂. Zong Baihua therefore points out that ＂dancing＂,as artistic ontology,is the most immediate reflection of ＂the rhythm of the circle life＂. At the same time,it is the typical representation of artistic realm. Zong Bai-hua＇s interpretation on ＂dancing＂implies clues of Chinese dance aesthetic features. The cosmology in Zhouyi illustrateded by Zong Bai-hua is fundamental basis of aesthetic characteristic ＂circle＂of Chinese dance; The idea ＂no departure so that they shall not return＂is an original theoretical point of movement principle,ie. ＂the finish back to starting point＂of Chinese dance; The＂rhythm of the circle life＂is the origin of the＂linear＂feature of Chinese dance.