宁夏农村居民死亡态度现状及影响因素

Current status and influencing factors of death attitude among rural residents

目的了解宁夏农村居民死亡态度现状及影响因素,为农村居民生命教育干预提供参考依据。方法采取随机整群抽样方法,于2015年3月选取宁夏2个农村社区年龄≥18岁的386名居民,采用死亡态度(DAP-R)、心理健康(GHQ-20)、生命意义感(MLQ)问卷进行调查。结果宁夏农村居民死亡恐惧、死亡逃避、逃离接受发生率分别为10.4%、9.3%、10.1%;死亡态度在不同性别、年龄、文化、身体健康、心理健康、生命意义感间存在显著差异(P<0.05);多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,身体和心理健康越好、生命意义感越强的农村居民死亡恐惧(P<0.05)、死亡逃避(P<0.001)和逃避接受越低(P<0.001);年龄越大、身体和心理健康越好、生命意义感越强的农村居民自然接受(P<0.05)和趋近接受越高(P<0.05)。结论身体健康、心理健康、生命意义感是农村居民死亡恐惧、死亡逃避和逃避接受的危险因子,也是自然接受和趋近接受的保护因子,应针对危险因子施以干预,提高农村居民的生命质量。

Objective To examine the status quo and associated factors of death attitude among rural residents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region （Ningxia） and to provide evidences for developing relevant interventions in the population. Methods We selected 386 adult residents （≥ 18 years old） in two rural communities in Ningxia using random cluster sampling for a questionnaire survey conducted in March, 2015. Death Attitude Profile-Revised （DAP-R）, General Health Questionnaire-20 （GHQ-20） and Meaning in Life Questionnaire （MLQ） were adopted in the study. Results Of the participants, 10.4%, 9.3%, and 10.1% reported fear of death, death avoidance, and escape acceptance of death, respectively. The participants＇ death attitude differed significantly by gender, age, education, physical health, mental health, and meaning in life （all P 〈 0.05）. The results of multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that the participants with better physical and mental health and higher level of meaning in life were more likely to have less fear of death （P 〈 0.05）, death avoidance （P 〈 0.001） and escape acceptance of death （P 〈 0.001） and those at elder age, with better physical and mental health, and higher level of meaning in life were more likely to report natural acceptance and approach acceptance of death （both P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Physical health, mental health and meaning of life are significant impact factors for fear of death, death avoidance, and escaped acceptance of death and are promoting factors of natural acceptance and approach acceptance of death among adult residents in rural areas of Ningxia.