辛亥革命前夕湖北新军转向革命原因述论

A Study of Hubei New Army's Conversion on the Eve of the Revolution of 1911

武昌起义前夕,湖北新军内部已经出现明显的分化现象,严重影响了军政上下统一和将士团结协作。导致这种结果的原因是多方面的,其中,新军内部官长矛盾、管理废弛是根本原因,革命党人对新军的不断渗透是重要原因。但这并未引起清政府和湖广总督瑞澂的足够重视,因而没有及时整顿,防患于未然。本来鄂省军政已面临严峻的形势,但总督瑞澂不仅不能未雨绸缪、因势利导,反而采取强势高压措施,直接导致新军顺势走向反面,公开对抗政府。正是湖北新军内部的异动,成为导致武昌起义爆发的重要缘由;湖北新军的响应和倒戈,是武昌起义取得成功的重要因素。

On the eve of the Wuchang Uprising, there had been obvious differentiation inside Hubei New Army, which seriously affected the unity of military and political personnel as well as the unity of officers and soldiers. There were multiple reasons for this change： internal contradictions, lax management and penetration of the Revolutionary Party. The Qing government and the Viceroy of Huguang Rui Cheng did not pay enough attention to those problems and failed to rectify the situation. On the contrary, Rui cheng took heavy-handed approach to the army, which directly resulted in the mutiny of Hubei New Army and the outbreak of Wuchang Uprising.