恩施市926例学龄前儿童视力发育及弱视调查

Investigation of vision development and amblyopia in 926 preschool children in Enshi

目的了解恩施州城市3~6岁儿童双眼视力和屈光状态,为制订眼卫生防治措施提供科学依据,促进视力发育。方法于2016年9月选取恩施州城区1所大型幼儿园3~6岁926例学龄前儿童,在照明良好的环境下使用ETDRS LOGMAR视力表检测视力,检查距离4米;采用美国伟伦公司的Suresight手持式视力筛选仪,对双眼进行屈光状态检查;眼位检查采用遮盖法,判断是内斜还是外斜;观察是否有其他眼部疾病;同时调查儿童的性别、年龄、民族等信息。结果学龄前3~6岁儿童视力发育程度不一,总体呈现随年龄增长视力发育趋于成熟的规律。右眼平均视力0.85±0.19,左眼平均视力0.85±0.31。弱视检出率为9.6%,主要类型是屈光不正性弱视(69.51%)和屈光参差性弱视(20.73%);弱视程度主要为中度(69.51%)和轻度(29.27%)。结论通过对学龄前儿童视力筛查,做到早检查、早干预是很重要的。视力发育差的儿童中,多表现为屈光不正性弱视和屈光参差性弱视,及早采用弱视综合疗法对患儿的视力正常发育有很多帮助。要加大儿童视力发育常识及危害的宣传,增强社会、家长对儿童视力发育的关注和重视。

Objective To understand binocular vision and refractive status of children at 3-6 years old in Enshi and to provide scientific basis for eye health prevention and control measures so as to promote vision development.Methods A total of 926 children aged at 3-6 were selected in a large kindergarten in urban area of Enshi in September 2016.Their vision was measured using ETDRS LOGMAR eye chart under good lighting.Testing distance was 4 meters.Refraction state of both eyes was tested with Suresight handheld vision screening instrument made by American Welch Allyn.Eye position was examined by covering method,and esotropia or extropia was judged.Other eye diseases were observed.Information of children including gender,age,ethnic was investigated.Results Visual development level of preschool children aged 3-6 was different,and visual development was more mature when children became older.Mean visual acuity of right eye was 0.85±0.19,and that of left eye was 0.85±0.31.Amblyopia detection rate was 9.6%,and main types of amblyopia were ametropic amblyopia（69.51%）and anisometropic amblyopia（20.73%）.Degrees of amblyopia were mainly moderate（69.51%）and mild（29.27%）.Conclusion Early inspection and early intervention is important through pre-school children vision screening.For children with poor eyesight,ametropic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia are very common.Early treatment with comprehensive amblyopia therapy helps a lot with normal vision development of patients.Propaganda of general knowledge of visual development of children and its harms should be strengthened.Focus from parents and society and attention on visual development of children should be enhanced.