极区北斗卫星数据质量特征分析

Characteristics Analysis of GNSS Data Quality in Polar Region

为明确极区环境对北斗卫星数据质量和卫星导航定位服务的影响,本文利用极区所有IGS站可用的北斗卫星观测数据和中山站实测数据,结合信噪比、多路径误差和电离层延迟变化率等评价指标,全面分析了北斗卫星导航系统在极区的数据质量特征。结果表明:极地测站的北斗卫星观测数据质量受高度角影响更大;信噪比整体水平相对于低纬测站低,北斗卫星的信噪比水平与GPS相当;多路径效应更加严重,需在数据预处理中予以考虑;极地测站数据受电离层活动的影响大且存在时段差异。

In order to clarify the influence of polar environment on the quality of BeiDou satellite data and satellite navigation and positioning services, all the BeiDou satellite observation data acquired in IGS stations and the observations of Zhongshan station are used to analyze the BDS data quality characteristics in the polar region ,combined with SNR, multipath error and ionospheric delay rate.The results show that the data of BDS observations in polar stations are more affected by the elevation;the overall signal-to-noise ratio is lower than that of low latitude stations which is comparable to GPS ; the muhipath effect is more serious ; the data from the polar stations are greatly influenced by the ionospheric activities and are different in different time periods.