深埋隧道结构型围岩变形机理及控制研究

Controlling Structural Deformation of Surrounding Rock Passed by a Deep-Buried Tunnel

新建兰渝铁路多座长大深埋隧道开挖过程中遇到层片状围岩,产生强烈的挤压变形,主要表现为初期变形强烈迅速,变形持续时间长,变形破坏的空间分布具有强烈的各向异性。常规的控制手段不能很好地解决这种强烈各向异性的变形方式,导致现场频繁采取补强支护措施,给工程建设带来了很大的影响。文章针对研究区特殊的非线性大变形破坏现象,综合应用现场工程地质调查、室内试验、现场测试以及3DEC离散元数值模拟等手段,深入分析研究区层片状围岩的结构大变形的破坏机制。研究表明,高地应力诱发低强度围岩开挖后发生迅速而强烈的挤出变形,层片状围岩结构强度的各向异性控制了开挖后应力重分布及隧道断面变形的不对称分布。基于对围岩非对称变形机制的认识,从围岩控制的角度,提出了一种针对层片状岩体扰动各向异性的定向支护措施,对围岩进行主动加固。

Layered rock masses with rapid and serious initial deformation and anisotropy regarding the spatial dis-tribution of the failure are encountered during the construction of many large and deeply buried tunnels on the Lan-zhou-Chongqing railway. It is difficult to deal with the resulting problems with conventional control measures, andadditional support measures are frequently needed, which significantly affects construction. Focusing on this speciallarge non-linear deformation, the failure mechanism of the large structural deformation of layered rock masses is thor-oughly analyzed by geological site surveys, laboratory tests, site tests and 3 DEC discrete element numerical simula-tion. The research results show that high geostress induces rapid and strong squeezing deformation after excavationin low-strength rock masses, and anisotropy of the layered rock mass controls the stress redistribution after excava-tion and the asymmetrical distribution of tunnel section deformation. Based on the asymmetric deformation mecha-nism of the rock mass, a directional support measure for the disturbance anisotropy of the layered rock mass is pro-posed as a rock mass control to reinforce it in an active way.