历版《针灸学》教材中毫针行针法的演变

Evolvement of Acupuncture Needle Manipulation Techniques Described in Textbooks of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Successive Editions

本文梳理了历版《针灸学》教材中毫针行针法的演变过程,分析了演变原因和演变对临床的影响,提出了发展趋势。通过查阅多版《针灸学》教材和毫针行针法相关文献,结合多位近现代针灸名家的针刺手法特色,发现其演变主要体现在行针法的定义和种类等方面,演变原因与行针内涵在历史上未得到明确,教材编写过程中的针灸学术和临床应用发展变化,与针灸名家和编写者学术思想以及教材内容设置需要等有关。其演变反映了针刺操作中影响临床疗效的关注点的变动,促进了针刺临床操作规范化的实施。毫针行针法将愈加强调手法量化、贴合临床需要、重视押手等。

This paper summarizes the evolvement of the needle manipulation techniques described in the textbooks of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of the past successive 10 editions in Chinese, analyzes the reasons for the evolvement and its impact on clinical treatment, and proposes future developing trends. After analyzing characteristics of needle-manipulation techniques of the well-known Chinese acupuncture specialists, and those described in multi-editions of the textbooks, we found that the currently evoluted contents primarily contain the definition and types of manipulating techniques. However, the reasons for the evolvement and connotation of needle manipulating are probably due to a） undefined descriptions in the history; b） changes in the academic studies and clinical application of acupuncture and moxibustion during the textbook compilation; c） the well-known specialists and the participated editors academic thoughts; d） the textbook content setting needs, etc. The evolvement reflects the changed preoccupations of factors affecting clinical efficacy of acupuncture manipulations, and facilitates the implementation of standardized clinical operative procedures. The development of current acupuncture needle manipulation techniques emphasizes the quantification of manual manipulations, fits clinical needs, and pays more attention to the pressing hand during needle insertion.