转型期农村精英“差序人格”研究

A Study on the ″Differential Personality″ of Rural Elites in the Period of Transition

差序格局是费孝通对中国传统社会结构的概括性经典论述。在人情社会运行逻辑下中国人形成了稳定的"差序人格",即"尊尊""亲亲"的人格特质。改革开放后,现代化发展与市场经济渗透历史气息厚重、传统思维禁锢的农村社会,原有的差序人格发生质变,导致本以亲疏远近、上下等级为主的行为逻辑逐渐向以利益为主的行为逻辑转变,致使某些农村精英逐渐在心理上、人格上内化产生并扩大了"唯利是图"的隐性基因。作为村民自治的主体参与者,农村精英的这种隐性基因像慢性病一样,持续不断地影响我国农村基层民主治理的发展。因此,农村精英应重视坚守传统差序人格中的"公德",深化培育现代理性思维,推动社会健康转型,为农村政治民主发展扫清心理"雾霾"。

The differential pattern is a classic implication of the traditional Chinese social structure proposed by Mr. Fei Xiaotong. Under the logic of the human relationship society,the Chinese people formed a stable ″personality″,which is characterized with ″respect″ and ″intimacy″. With the development of reform and opening up,the development of modernization and the market economy have infiltrated the rural society that is confined by historical atmosphere of heavy traditional thinking. The change of the original differential personality,as a result,has transformed the intimate and hierarchical behavior inherent in the logic of the human relationship society into the profitmaking behavioral logic. Some rural elites have gradually internalized the recessive genes which seek nothing but profits. As the main participants in the village self-government,this recessive gene of the rural elites,like chronic diseases,continues to infiltrate the development of rural grassroots governance in China. Therefore,the rural elites should attach great importance to sticking to the ″moral virtues″ of the traditional differential personality,deepen the cultivation of modern rational thinking,healthily promote the social transformation,and clear the psychological ″fog″for the development of the rural political democracy.