温室果蔬高效风送施药车设计

Design of High-efficiency Fruit and Vegetables Greenhouses Air-assisted Spraying Vehicle

温室垄行种植果蔬施药装备短缺,目前仍多采用背负式喷雾器逐行递株施药,存在劳动强度大、工作效率低、损伤作物及化学药剂对作业人员危害大的问题。针对以上问题,设计了温室果蔬高效风送施药车,该施药车主要由轨道式移动平台、电能输送装置、升降喷雾装置和基于PLC的控制系统组成,具有温室内长距离行驶、定点启停、供电电缆自动收放和风力雾化药液并吹送至作物冠层的功能。工作过程中,移动平台搭载喷雾及电能输运装置沿轨道行驶,电缆随平台移动同步收放,保证电能供给,移动平台于作物冠行处停止;风机、主路电磁阀和水泵工作,喷头沿作物冠层高度方向匀速移动,对整行喷雾完成时喷头关闭,平台移动至下一作物冠行,重复上述操作。本设计实现了在温室垄行种植模式下,施药车自动远距离、大面积施药功能,提高了温室施药效率,避免了化学药剂对温室管理人员造成伤害。

At present,there is short of pesticide spraying equipments for fruit and vegetable crops planting at one ridge in the greenhouse. The greenhouse-workers usually use knapsack sprayer to spray pesticide line by line,resulting in great labor intensity,low efficiency and damaging crops easily. In addition,pesticide chemicals have great harm to operators.To solve the above problems,this research designed a high-efficiency greenhouse fruit and vegetables air-assisted spraying vehicle. This spraying vehicle was mainly composed of a track mobile platform,an electric energy transmission device,a spray-lift device and a control system based on a PLC. The pesticide spraying vehicle can drive a long distance,start or stop at a certain position. The power supply cable can twist and release the cable automatically. The wind-force atomized pesticide into small droplets and blew them to the canopy of crops. When the spraying vehicle worked,the mobile platform equipped with the sprayer and the electric energy transmission device moved along the tracks,and the cable was synchronized with the platform to ensure power supply. When mobile platform stopped in the crop canopy line,the fan,the solenoid valve on main road and the pump worked,the nozzle sprayed and moved along the height direction of crop canopy. The nozzle would be closed and the platform would be move to the next line when it completed spraying to a line,then the spraying vehicle would repeat the above operations. The design of this paper realized that a spraying vehicle applied pesticide to long-distance and large-area crop rows at ridge planting mode in the greenhouse,improved the efficiency of pesticide application,and avoided the damage caused of pesticide chemicals to greenhouse workers.