古代的预言、占卜与“历史”

Ancient Prophecy,Divination and “History”

预言、占卜虽然预测未来,却和"历史"关系密切。古代的预言与占卜活动形式多样,包括星占、梦占、脏卜、神谶以及文学作品等。这些预言和占卜方式需要一定的历史经验作为预测未来的基础,而且预言背后常常受到权力的支配,有些是托古之作,有些是"事后预言"。对预言、占卜的认知,也体现出古代各文明历史意识的差别。

Although prophecy and divination predict the future,they are closely related to "history".Ancient prophecies and divination activities were varied in form,including astrology,oneiromancy,extispicy,Gods'oracle,and literary work.These prophecies and divinations require certain historical experience as the basis for predicting the future,and are often dominated by political or religious power behind them.Some of them are pseudepigraphas,and some just predicate the past.The cognition to prophecy and divination in different ancient civilizations also reflects the difference historical consciousness.