苏联对印度的经济攻势与美国的反应(1953—1961)

Soviet's Economic Offensive to India and the Response of the United States (1953—1961)

20世纪50年代的苏联外交政策经历了一次重大调整,一些之前被忽视或重视不够的国家成为苏联外交关注的重点。同时,苏联调整了之前重军事而轻经济的对外援助思维与模式,加强了对第三世界国家的经济援助力度,其中,苏联就对亚洲大国印度开展了技术支持、贷款等多样的经济援助。苏联在印度的经济活动引起了美国政府的警觉。为应对苏联的"经济攻势",艾森豪威尔政府一改之前不积极的做法,对印度提供了数量可观的经济援助。印度成为当时美国对外经济援助中最大的受援国。分析这一时期苏联对印度的经济活动及美国的回应,有助于我们理解冷战时期美苏两国在印度的博弈情况及艾森豪威尔政府对印政策中的苏联因素。

In the 1950s,Soviet's foreign policy underwent a major adjustment,and the countries that had not been paid enough attention became the focus of Soviet's attention.At the same time,the Soviet Union abandoned its diplomatic model;it paid more attention to economic assistance to the third world countries.The Soviet Union carried out a variety of economic assistance to Asian countries,including technical assistance and loans.The Soviet Union's economic activity in India alarmed the American government.In response to Soviet's economic offensive,the Eisenhower administration changed its pattern,providing significant economic assistance to India.India became the largest recipient of U.S.foreign economic aid at the time.The analysis of Soviet's activities in India and the responses of U.S.government contribute to deepening our understanding of the game situation during the war between the two countries.And it helps us to understand the Soviet Union as an important factor in the Eisenhower administration's policies toward India.